孟加拉湾风暴对高原地区降水的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段旭  段玮 《高原气象》2015,34(1):1-10

利用卫星遥感数据TRMM(3B42)与地面观测数据变分订正后的降水量资料、TBB资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对1998 2010年25个孟加拉湾风暴的登陆路径、强度、冷空气入侵及大气季节变化对高原地区降水的影响进行了分类统计分析,结果表明:(1)孟加拉湾风暴是造成高原地区降水的重要天气系统,最活跃的时段集中在5月和10 11月,对高原地区的影响主要以降水为主;(2)在孟加拉湾风暴登陆的3条路径中,东北路径对云贵高原和青藏高原东南部地区影响最大,西北路径登陆风暴主要影响青藏高原南部地区,偏西路径登陆风暴对高原地区影响最小;(3)东北路径登陆风暴,热带风暴强度比飓风强度给高原地区带来更强的降水,而西北路径飓风强度风暴的影响较大;(4)当东北路径孟加拉湾风暴与云贵高原地区冷空气相遇时,其降水量比无冷空气配合时大2个等级;(5)孟加拉湾风暴活动时段存在5月和10 11月两个峰值,因季节性的大气环流(引导气流)和水汽输送(强弱)以及热带气旋生成基本条件的不同,导致了高原地区降水程度的差异。  相似文献   

Artificial neural network-based storm surge forecast model: Practical application to Sakai Minato,Japan     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The present study describes a novel way of a systematic and objective selection procedure for the development of an Artificial Neural Network-based storm Surge Forecast Model (ANN-SFM) with the 5, 12 and 24 h-lead times and its application to Sakai Minato area on the Tottori coast, Japan. The selection procedure guides how to determine the superiority of the best performing model in terms of the appropriate combination of unit number in the hidden layer and parameter in the input layer. In the application of ANN-SFM to Sakai Minato, it is found that the best 5 and 12 h-forecast ANN-SFMs are established with the most suitable set of 70 units (the number of hidden neurons) and the input components of surge level, sea level pressure, the depression rate of sea level pressure, longitude, latitude, central atmospheric pressure and highest wind speed. The best 24 h-forecast ANN-SFM is determined with 160 units and the input parameters of surge level, sea level pressure, the depression rate of sea level pressure, longitude and latitude. The proposed method of the selection procedure is able to be adaptable to other coastal locations for the development of the artificial neural network-based storm surge forecast model as establishing the superiority of the most relevant set combining unit numbers and input parameters.  相似文献   

一次强对流天气及其中短时强降水的成因分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

阿不都外力&#;阿不力克木  王元  王亦平  费启 《气象科学》2014,34(4):457-464

利用常规地面、高空观测资料,自动站资料,NCEP再分析资料,多普勒雷达资料和WRF模式模拟资料等,对2009年6月初晋豫鲁皖苏5省的一次强对流天气及其中短时强降水的形成原因进行了分析。结果表明:本次过程是在高空东北冷涡不断引导冷空气南下,与低层低涡扰动形成冷暖空气汇合的有利天气形势下发生的。边界层内的强烈辐合抬升是触发对流发生和释放对流不稳定能量的主要原因之一。高空有明显的干侵入并叠加在低层高假相当位温的暖湿空气之上,这种较强的位势不稳定形势对本次过程中对流系统的触发提供了有利的条件。对流系统移动方向一侧有较强的风暴相对螺旋度,通过低层辐合上升气流的倾斜作用,使更多的水平涡度转化为垂直涡度,为本次过程的发展、维持以及其短时强降水的发生提供了有利的条件。  相似文献   

可能最大风暴潮风险评估中各等级热带气旋设定方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李颖  方伟华  林伟  叶妍婷 《海洋科学》2014,38(4):71-80

可能最大热带气旋的设定是可能最大风暴潮计算的基础,对风暴潮灾害应急疏散具有重要意义。利用1949~2011年中国气象局(CMA)西北太平洋热带气旋最佳路径数据集、美国联合台风预警中心(JTWC)以及美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)最大风速半径数据集,基于各等级热带气旋参数之间的定量关系,建立了各等级可能最大热带气旋最大风速、中心气压、最大风速半径、移动速度、移动方向等参数设定及路径合成的方法。以福建省连江县为例,按照台风、强台风及超强台风强度等级,分强度衰减和不衰减2种情况,设定3种移动方向,合成了共216场热带气旋作为可能最大风暴潮的计算输入。另外,对参数敏感性、风场参数设定、参数设定与计算量的关系、叠加天文潮以及溃堤等问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Spatial analysis of boil water advisories issued during an extreme weather event in the Hudson River Watershed,USA     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2014

Water infrastructure in the United States is aging and vulnerable to extreme weather. In August 2011, Tropical Storm Irene hit the eastern part of New York and surrounding states, causing great damage to public drinking water systems. Several water supply districts issued boil water advisories (BWAs) to their customers as a result of the storm. This study seeks to identify the major factors that lead water supply systems to issue BWAs by assessing watershed characteristics, water supply system characteristics and treatment plant parameters of water districts in the Mohawk-Hudson River watershed in New York. Logistic regression model suggests that the probability of a BWA being issued by a water supply district is enhanced by higher precipitation during the storm, high density of septic systems, lack of recent maintenance and low population density. Interviews with water treatment plant operators suggested physical damage to water distribution systems were the main causes of boil water advisories during storms. BWAs result in additional costs to residents and communities, and the public compliance of the advisory instructions is low, so efforts must be made to minimize their occurrence. Prior investments in infrastructure management can proactively address municipal water supply and quality issues.  相似文献   

江淮地区龙卷超级单体风暴及其环境参数分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

周后福  刁秀广  夏文梅  王德育  项阳 《气象学报》2014,72(2):306-317

利用多普勒雷达探测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2003—2010年发生在江淮地区的6个龙卷超级单体风暴及其环境参数进行了分析。研究表明：（1）龙卷超级单体风暴H_BASE平均为1.7 km,H_TOP平均为9.1 km;H多在风暴的下部,近于下部的1/4处。H_BASE平均值比江淮地区各种超级单体的平均值低得多,H_TOP则略低。（2）龙卷超级单体I_VIL平均为25.6 kg/m²,Z_MX平均为54.8 dBz。和江淮地区超级单体相比,龙卷I_VIL要小得多,而龙卷Z_MX略低。（3）龙卷超级单体的中气旋M_BASE、M_TOP和M_SHR平均值分别为1.2 km、3.9 km和14.4×10^-3s^-1,和江淮地区超级单体相比,龙卷M_BASE、M_TOP明显低,而M_SHR略高。（4）TVS参数最强时的V_AD在12—45 m/s,V_LLD多大于30 m/s,V_MXD多超过30 m/s,V_MXD的高度不低于0.8 km,T_DPT在2.4—6.4 km,T_BASE在0.7—1.5 km,T_TOP在2.3—6.4 km,T_MXSHR超过22×10^-3s^-1。TVS参数最强时间与龙卷实际时间基本吻合,平均相差4.2 min;平均而言,TVS出现后6 min有龙卷发生。（5）雷达推算的龙卷超级单体的0—6 km风垂直切变比江淮地区超级单体的风垂直切变平均值高15.2%;龙卷发生前I_CAPE平均为1752 J/kg,I_K为38℃,850 hPa到地面风切变平均超过12 m/s,850—500 hPa温差平均为23.7℃。龙卷发生前能量处在中等到强的状态,大气不稳定性较强,风垂直切变大。  相似文献   

A quantitative method for storm surge vulnerability assessment – a case study of Weihai city     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(5):539-559

ABSTRACT

In traditional vulnerability assessments, a synthetic index method is usually used to select all types of social and economic indexes so that more aspects can be covered; however, the requisite social and economic data are not always available or are not highly relevant to the studied geographical space, which makes it difficult to conduct quantitative calculations. In this paper, a spatial value density assessment method was developed to improve the hazard of place model. First, a three-dimensional (3D) model of a coastal city was obtained using oblique airborne photogrammetry and image-based 3D reconstruction and then, architecture footprints were employed to extract the geometric information of each individual building. Additionally, a vulnerability assessment system was established to quantitatively account for the aggregate economic value of a selected set of urban surface features. Using geographic information system (GIS) techniques, the aggregate value of these urban features within each geographic unit can be accurately calculated to quantify the exposure and vulnerability of coastal cities to storm surge. A vulnerability assessment was conducted using Weihai city as an example. The study shows that vulnerability assessment accuracy was greatly improved by downscaling the assessment granularity from county-level administrative districts to a 1-km grid.  相似文献   

Wave set-up in the storm surge along open coasts during Typhoon Anita     

Soo Youl Kim  Tomohiro Yasuda  Hajime Mase 《Coastal Engineering》2010

Wave set-up in storm surges is studied using a numerical model for coasts in Tosa Bay, Japan, open to the Pacific Ocean. Simulation models employing only atmospheric pressures and winds as external forces are unable to properly simulate open coast storm surge heights, such as those due to Typhoon Anita (1970). However, the present study shows that a numerical model incorporating wave-induced radiation stresses, as well as wind stresses and pressure gradients, is able to account for the open coast surge heights. There is a maximum contribution of 40% by the radiation stresses to the peak sea level rises. This study also evaluates the effects of the tides; including the tides improves the agreement between the predicted water surface elevations and the observations. The difference in predictions between one-way coupling from wave to surge models and two-way coupling of the surge and wave models is found to be small.  相似文献   

青草沙水库工程的风险识别     

邓鹏 《中国勘察设计》2010,(9):69-72

青草沙水库工程属大型水利工程。工程在施工阶段和运行期间,均存在不确定性因素多、风险因素和风险事件发生概率大的特点。本文利用风险识别方法,对青草沙水库工程不同阶段的风险进行了识别。  相似文献   

三次超级单体风暴雷达产品特征及气流结构差异性分析   总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6  

刁秀广  朱君鉴  刘志红 《气象学报》2009,67(1):133-146

2002年9月27日、2003年6月28日和2004年6月24日山东部分地区遭受了不同程度的灾害性天气,雷达观测分析表明是3次超级单体风暴所致,0927风暴尺度和天气现象次于0628和0624风暴.利用济南多普勒雷达探测资料,结合天气形势,对这3次典型超级单体强度结构、流场结构及其演变过程进行了仔细的分析,结果表明:地面中尺度辐合触发了不稳定能量的释放,引发了强对流天气发生;风暴形成阶段表现为不同的演变特征,0927风暴表现为多单体传播型,0628风暴表现为单体自身发展型,0624风暴表现为群发单体合并型;移动路径相似,都属于右移风暴,偏离风暴承载层平均风右侧30°-70°,移动速度约为风暴承载层平均风速的45%-70%;发展成熟阶段最大强中心高度表现不同,0927风暴位于单体底部,0628风暴位于单体中下层,0624风暴位于单体中层以上,最大反射率因子和垂直积分液态含水量(VIL)表现也有差别,0624风暴最强,0628风暴次之,0927风暴相对较弱.风暴旺盛成熟阶段表现为典型的超级单体特征,有界弱回波区(BWER)和中气旋;风暴旺盛成熟阶段风暴垂直流场结构有相似性,低层气旋性辐合,中层近似于气旋性旋转上升,高层气流辐散;中层水平流场结构存在较大差异,0927和0624.风暴为双涡管式旋转结构,0628风暴为单涡式的气旋旋转结构.  相似文献